I think the AI industry is facing a handful of urgent problems it’s not addressing adequately. I believe everything I write here is at least directionally true, but I could be wrong. My aim isn’t to be definitive, just to spark a conversation. What follows is a set of expanded thoughts on those problems, in no particular order.
As someone who is broadly optimistic about the benefits LLMs have already brought in some areas, while sharing a range of concerns like the issues of IP and energy use, as well as the potential impact on the structure of the economy and society (which as Ted Chiang has observed is a fear of capitalism) this resonated with me.
Another version of ECMAScript version has been approved by the TC39, and to keep my annual tradition I’m sharing what’s new in the ES2025 with simple practical examples. If you want to catch up with the previous editions, here you have them: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Now, let’s see what is new this year.
A new PNG spec was just released!Everyone, go update your 2003 forum avatars.
Jokes aside, this is exciting news. PNG is back to its former glory after its progress stalled for over two decades. Did you know the U.S. Library of Congress, Library and Archives Canada, and the National Archives of Australia recommend PNG? It is important that we keep PNG current and competitive. After 20 years of stagnation, PNG is back with renewed vigor!
The first ever W3C recommendation was PNG, back in 1996. It's not been updated in over 20 years, but there's an updated specification now to keep PNG, still incredibly widely used and supported, current for new color spaces and more.
The more time I spend using LLMs for code, the less I worry for my career – even as their coding capabilities continue to improve.Using LLMs as part of my process helps me understand how much of my job isn’t just bashing out code.
My job is to identify problems that can be solved with code, then solve them, then verify that the solution works and has actually addressed the problem.A more advanced LLM may eventually be able to completely handle the middle piece. It can help with the first and last pieces, but only when operated by someone who understands both the problems to be solved and how to interact with the LLM to help solve them.
A short but very salient piece by Simon Willison that I quote almost all of.
Of late one of the criticisms I see quite a bit about LLM based code generation is along the ones of 'writing code isn't the main thing software developers focus on'. Which is an astute observation. Nut it is certainly a nontrivial chink of what software engineers do.
So tools that free up a developer's time provide more time to allocate elsewhere–as Simon observes here.
Obviously, simply spending $1000 does not guarantee you a positive return! Here are some practices that we’ve found get more value out of large thinking models like o3 and Claude Opus:
$1000 a month sound like a lot to spend on a developer tool. But it works out to be $30 day. No most developers cost multiple software this an hour so if it's saving you even 20 minutes a day it's paid for itself.
In my case it is saving me many multiples of that.
Learn how Web Components excel at progressively enhancing server-rendered HTML without worrying about additional dependencies, shadow DOM, or going full SPA.
We've long been a ling time proponent of Web Components here at Conffab, but they can be daunting to get started with.
But there are ways to start adopting the that don't require getting to grips with their full complexity.
Start thinking about them ass progressive enhancement and build from there.
CSS Intelligence: Speculating On The Future Of A Smarter Language
CSS has evolved from a purely presentational language into one with growing logical powers — thanks to features like container queries, relational pseudo-classes, and the if() function. Is it still just for styling, or is it becoming something more? Gabriel Shoyombo explores how smart CSS has become over the years, where it is heading, the challenges it addresses, whether it is becoming too complex, and how developers are reacting to this shift
CSS has evolved over the last 30 years from a straightforward replacement for decorative HTML tags like font and attributes like color to a sophisticated language for styling, layout, even generated content.
Here Gabriel Shoyombo traces its history and growing complexity and sophistication, and tasks a look at where the language might be headed in this excellent article.
How to Identify Your Unknown Unknowns in Web Development
If you’re a web developer, you know what HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are. Although massive topics by themselves, these contain many of your “known knowns.”
You’re aware of languages like TypeScript, WebAssembly, or Rust, that touch your world but are languages you may or may not be comfortable with. Those you are not, represent some of your “known unknowns.”
And then there are concepts like, let’s say, AT-SPI, palpable content, restricted production, __qem, or qooxdoo, that maybe you’ve never heard of, even though they can relate to your work. These are some of your “unknown unknowns.”
“Cool,” you say, “what am I supposed to do with this.”
Jens Meier observes in Web Development there are a lot of things we need to know, and many we don't know we don't know.
This analogy is lifted from a convoluted quote from US Secretary of Defence during the second Gulf War (and at other times over a 3 decade period) about known knowns, and unknown unknowns.
It's one I've used for years when framing for myself and others what we try to do with our conference programs–help people find the gaps in their knowledge, the things they don't now they don't know.
And that's a ket goal of Conffab too.
Before flex, before grid, even before float, we still had to lay out web pages.Not just basic scaffolding, full designs. Carefully crafted interfaces with precise alignment, overlapping layers, and brand-driven visuals. But in the early days of the web, HTML wasn’t built for layout. CSS was either brand-new or barely supported. Positioning was unreliable. Browser behavior was inconsistent.And yet, somehow, we made it work.
Context Engineering is new term gaining traction in the AI world. The conversation is shifting from “prompt engineering” to a broader, more powerful concept: Context Engineering. Tobi Lutke describes it as “the art of providing all the context for the task to be plausibly solvable by the LLM.” and he is right.
With the rise of Agents it becomes more important what information we load into the “limited working memory”. We are seeing that the main thing that determines whether an Agents succeeds or fails is the quality of the context you give it. Most agent failures are not model failures anyemore, they are context failures.
The term context engineering has recently started to gain traction as a better alternative to prompt engineering. I like it. I think this one may have sticking power.
In a 1912 commencement address, the great American jurist and antitrust reformer Louis Brandeis hoped that a different occupation would aspire to service:The peculiar characteristics of a profession as distinguished from other occupations, I take to be these:
First. A profession is an occupation for which the necessary preliminary training is intellectual in character, involving knowledge and to some extent learning, as distinguished from mere skill.
Second. It is an occupation which is pursued largely for others and not merely for one’s self.
Third. It is an occupation in which the amount of financial return is not the accepted measure of success.
In the same talk, Brandeis named Engineering a discipline already worthy of a professional distinction. Most software development can’t share the benefit of the doubt, not matter how often “engineer” appears on CVs and business cards. If React Summit and co. are anything to go by, frontend is mired in the same ethical tar pit that cause Wharton, Kellogg, and Stanford grads to reliably experience midlife crises.3
I’m not the only one thinking about how context management is the key to good LLM applications. Since publishing our post detailing how long contexts fail, a conversation emerged regarding the term “context engineering,” compared to “prompt engineering.” (Let’s be clear…I had nothing to do with starting the debate, it’s just a happy coincidence…)
Today, Andrej Karpathy weighed in, supporting “context engineering”:
“People associate prompts with short task descriptions you’d give an LLM in your day-to-day use. When in every industrial-strength LLM app, context engineering is the delicate art and science of filling the context window with just the right information for the next step.”
When generative AI first started getting attention, the role of the Prompt Engineering and Prompt Engineering got a lot of attention. That's waned over time, but the focus on the prompt as the key way of interacting with LLMs remains. Some like Drew Breunig suggest it's context not the prompt alone that we should focus on. Here he explains.
Design Leadership in the Age of AI: Seize the Narrative Before It’s Too Late
AI is transforming the way we work — automating production, collapsing handoffs, and enabling non-designers to ship work that once required a full design team. Like it or not, we’re heading into a world where many design tasks will no longer need a designer.If that fills you with unease, you’re not alone. But here’s the key difference between teams that will thrive and those that won’t:
Some design leaders are taking control of the narrative. Others are waiting to be told what’s next.
We've focussed a lot of on the impact of LLMs and generative AI on software engineering, but these technologies are also transforming the process and practice of design. Here Andy Budd suggests design leaders need to take this transformation seriously and take charge.
Tech companies are only pretending to innovate, through copying futuristic aesthetics from science fiction without understanding their purpose.
Technological progress has always come from humanity’s grasp exceeding our reach; before we could build drones we needed to imagine flight. However, our successful flying machines bore little resemblance to their fictional counterparts. Design has not learned this lesson, and continues to try to wow users by recreating familiar aesthetics of futurity, rather than the outcomes depicted in this media. And whenever it does this (as with any aesthetics-first effort) the result is always a failure. The inevitable future disappears like so much smoke.
We've become fixated on monolithic patterns like SPA for all web content, when perhaps different approaches make sense in different contexts. Here Den Odell explains the Islands pattern and when it might be best deployed.
A short history of web bots and bot detection techniques
Did you know your favorite website can detect when you’re browsing it in public transport and when you scroll it laying in your bed? Today we’ll learn how they can do it and how this info is used to fight bots.
If you build websites especially ones with any kind of forms, you'll doubtlessly run into the scourge of bots filling them in and submitting them.
Learn how to detect if your visitor is a bot and what to do about it.
CSS animations have come a long way since Apple first introduced them to the web in 2007. What started as simple effects like animating from one color to another has turned into beautiful, complex images twisting and flying across the page.
But linking these animations to user behavior like scrolling has traditionally required third-party libraries and a fair bit of JavaScript, which adds some complexity to your code. But now, we can make those animations scroll-driven with nothing more than a few lines of CSS.
Scroll-driven animations have increased browser support and are available in Safari 26 beta, making it easier for you to create eye-catching effects on your page. Let me show you how.
